1 Executive Summary
- 1.1 Market overview
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market Overview
- Executive Summary - Data Table on Market Overview
- Executive Summary - Chart on Global Market Characteristics
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market by Geography
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Device
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Component
- Executive Summary - Chart on Market Segmentation by Pricing Scheme
- Executive Summary - Chart on Incremental Growth
- Executive Summary - Data Table on Incremental Growth
- Executive Summary - Chart on Company Market Positioning
2 Technavio Analysis
- 2.1 Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
- Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
- 2.2 Criticality of inputs and Factors of differentiation
- Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation
- 2.3 Factors of disruption
- Overview on factors of disruption
- 2.4 Impact of drivers and challenges
- Impact of drivers and challenges in 2024 and 2029
3 Market Landscape
- 3.1 Market ecosystem
- Parent Market
- Data Table on - Parent Market
- 3.2 Market characteristics
- Market characteristics analysis
4 Market Sizing
- 4.1 Market definition
- Offerings of companies included in the market definition
- 4.2 Market segment analysis
- 4.4 Market outlook: Forecast for 2024-2029
- Chart on Global - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on Global - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on Global Market: Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
5 Historic Market Size
- 5.1 Global Device As A Service Market 2019 - 2023
- Historic Market Size - Data Table on Global Device As A Service Market 2019 - 2023 ($ million)
- 5.2 Device segment analysis 2019 - 2023
- Historic Market Size - Device Segment 2019 - 2023 ($ million)
- 5.3 Component segment analysis 2019 - 2023
- Historic Market Size - Component Segment 2019 - 2023 ($ million)
- 5.4 Pricing Scheme segment analysis 2019 - 2023
- Historic Market Size - Pricing Scheme Segment 2019 - 2023 ($ million)
- 5.5 Geography segment analysis 2019 - 2023
- Historic Market Size - Geography Segment 2019 - 2023 ($ million)
- 5.6 Country segment analysis 2019 - 2023
- Historic Market Size - Country Segment 2019 - 2023 ($ million)
6 Qualitative Analysis
- 6.1 The AI impact on Global Device as a Service Market
7 Five Forces Analysis
- 7.1 Five forces summary
- Five forces analysis - Comparison between 2024 and 2029
- 7.2 Bargaining power of buyers
- Bargaining power of buyers - Impact of key factors 2024 and 2029
- 7.3 Bargaining power of suppliers
- Bargaining power of suppliers - Impact of key factors in 2024 and 2029
- 7.4 Threat of new entrants
- Threat of new entrants - Impact of key factors in 2024 and 2029
- 7.5 Threat of substitutes
- Threat of substitutes - Impact of key factors in 2024 and 2029
- 7.6 Threat of rivalry
- Threat of rivalry - Impact of key factors in 2024 and 2029
- 7.7 Market condition
- Chart on Market condition - Five forces 2024 and 2029
8 Market Segmentation by Device
- 8.1 Market segments
- Chart on Device - Market share (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Device - Market share (2024-2029) (%)
- 8.2 Comparison by Device
- Chart on Comparison by Device
- Data Table on Comparison by Device
- 8.3 Desktops - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on Desktops - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on Desktops - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on Desktops - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Desktops - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 8.4 Laptops - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on Laptops - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on Laptops - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on Laptops - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Laptops - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 8.5 Tablets - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on Tablets - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on Tablets - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on Tablets - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Tablets - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 8.6 Others - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on Others - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on Others - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on Others - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Others - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 8.7 Market opportunity by Device
- Market opportunity by Device ($ million)
- Data Table on Market opportunity by Device ($ million)
9 Market Segmentation by Component
- 9.1 Market segments
- Chart on Component - Market share (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Component - Market share (2024-2029) (%)
- 9.2 Comparison by Component
- Chart on Comparison by Component
- Data Table on Comparison by Component
- 9.3 Hardware - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on Hardware - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on Hardware - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on Hardware - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Hardware - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 9.4 Software - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on Software - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on Software - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on Software - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Software - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 9.5 Services - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on Services - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on Services - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on Services - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Services - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 9.6 Market opportunity by Component
- Market opportunity by Component ($ million)
- Data Table on Market opportunity by Component ($ million)
10 Market Segmentation by Pricing Scheme
- 10.1 Market segments
- Chart on Pricing Scheme - Market share (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Pricing Scheme - Market share (2024-2029) (%)
- 10.2 Comparison by Pricing Scheme
- Chart on Comparison by Pricing Scheme
- Data Table on Comparison by Pricing Scheme
- 10.3 Subscription-based - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on Subscription-based - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on Subscription-based - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on Subscription-based - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Subscription-based - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 10.4 Pay-as-you-go - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on Pay-as-you-go - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on Pay-as-you-go - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on Pay-as-you-go - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Pay-as-you-go - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 10.5 Market opportunity by Pricing Scheme
- Market opportunity by Pricing Scheme ($ million)
- Data Table on Market opportunity by Pricing Scheme ($ million)
11 Market Segmentation by Deployment Type
- 11.1 Market segments
- Chart on Deployment Type - Market share (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Deployment Type - Market share (2024-2029) (%)
- 11.2 Comparison by Deployment Type
- Chart on Comparison by Deployment Type
- Data Table on Comparison by Deployment Type
- 11.3 Cloud-Based - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on Cloud-Based - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on Cloud-Based - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on Cloud-Based - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Cloud-Based - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 11.4 On-Premises - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on On-Premises - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on On-Premises - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on On-Premises - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on On-Premises - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 11.5 Market opportunity by Deployment Type
- Market opportunity by Deployment Type ($ million)
- Data Table on Market opportunity by Deployment Type ($ million)
12 Customer Landscape
- 12.1 Customer landscape overview
- Analysis of price sensitivity, lifecycle, customer purchase basket, adoption rates, and purchase criteria
13 Geographic Landscape
- 13.1 Geographic segmentation
- Chart on Market share by geography 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on Market share by geography 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.2 Geographic comparison
- Chart on Geographic comparison
- Data Table on Geographic comparison
- 13.3 North America - Market size and forecast 2024-2029
- Chart on North America - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on North America - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on North America - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on North America - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.4 APAC - Market size and forecast 2024-2029
- Chart on APAC - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on APAC - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on APAC - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.5 Europe - Market size and forecast 2024-2029
- Chart on Europe - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on Europe - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on Europe - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.6 South America - Market size and forecast 2024-2029
- Chart on South America - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on South America - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on South America - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on South America - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.7 Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2024-2029
- Chart on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on Middle East and Africa - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.8 US - Market size and forecast 2024-2029
- Chart on US - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on US - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on US - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.9 China - Market size and forecast 2024-2029
- Chart on China - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on China - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on China - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on China - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.10 Canada - Market size and forecast 2024-2029
- Chart on Canada - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on Canada - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on Canada - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.11 Japan - Market size and forecast 2024-2029
- Chart on Japan - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on Japan - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on Japan - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.12 India - Market size and forecast 2024-2029
- Chart on India - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on India - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on India - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on India - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.13 UK - Market size and forecast 2024-2029
- Chart on UK - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on UK - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on UK - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on UK - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.14 South Korea - Market size and forecast 2024-2029
- Chart on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on South Korea - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on South Korea - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.15 Germany - Market size and forecast 2024-2029
- Chart on Germany - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on Germany - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on Germany - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.16 Australia - Market size and forecast 2024-2029
- Chart on Australia - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on Australia - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on Australia - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on Australia - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.17 Mexico - Market size and forecast 2024-2029
- Chart on Mexico - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Data Table on Mexico - Market size and forecast 2024-2029 ($ million)
- Chart on Mexico - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- Data Table on Mexico - Year-over-year growth 2024-2029 (%)
- 13.18 Market opportunity by geography
- Market opportunity by geography ($ million)
- Data Tables on Market opportunity by geography ($ million)
- 13.19 US - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on US - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on US - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on US - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on US - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 13.20 France - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on France - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on France - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on France - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on France - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 13.21 Brazil - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on Brazil - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on Brazil - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on Brazil - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Brazil - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 13.22 UAE - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on UAE - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on UAE - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on UAE - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on UAE - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 13.23 Rest of World (ROW) - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on Rest of World (ROW) - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on Rest of World (ROW) - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on Rest of World (ROW) - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Rest of World (ROW) - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 13.24 Saudi Arabia - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on Saudi Arabia - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on Saudi Arabia - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on Saudi Arabia - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Saudi Arabia - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 13.25 Italy - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on Italy - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on Italy - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on Italy - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Italy - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- 13.26 Spain - Market size and forecast (2024-2029)
- Chart on Spain - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Data Table on Spain - Market size and forecast (2024-2029) ($ million)
- Chart on Spain - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
- Data Table on Spain - Year-over-year growth (2024-2029) (%)
14 Drivers, Challenges, and Opportunity/Restraints
- 14.3 Impact of drivers and challenges
- Impact of drivers and challenges in 2024 and 2029
- 14.4 Market opportunities/restraints
15 Competitive Landscape
- 15.2 Competitive Landscape
- Overview on criticality of inputs and factors of differentiation
- 15.3 Landscape disruption
- Overview on factors of disruption
- 15.4 Industry risks
- Impact of key risks on business
16 Competitive Analysis
- 16.2 Market positioning of companies
- Matrix on companies position and classification
- 16.3 Dell Technologies
- Dell Technologies - Overview
- Dell Technologies - Product / Service
- Dell Technologies - Key offerings
- 16.4 HP Inc.
- HP Inc. - Overview
- HP Inc. - Product / Service
- HP Inc. - Key offerings
- 16.5 Lenovo
- Lenovo - Overview
- Lenovo - Product / Service
- Lenovo - Key offerings
- 16.6 Microsoft
- Microsoft - Overview
- Microsoft - Product / Service
- Microsoft - Key offerings
- 16.7 Apple
- Apple - Overview
- Apple - Product / Service
- Apple - Key offerings
- 16.8 Samsung
- Samsung - Overview
- Samsung - Product / Service
- Samsung - Key offerings
- 16.9 Cisco Systems
- Cisco Systems - Overview
- Cisco Systems - Product / Service
- Cisco Systems - Key offerings
- 16.10 Intel
- Intel - Overview
- Intel - Product / Service
- Intel - Key offerings
- 16.11 IBM
- IBM - Overview
- IBM - Product / Service
- IBM - Key offerings
- 16.12 Google
- Google - Overview
- Google - Product / Service
- Google - Key offerings
- 16.13 Acer
- Acer - Overview
- Acer - Product / Service
- Acer - Key offerings
- 16.14 Asus
- Asus - Overview
- Asus - Product / Service
- Asus - Key offerings
- 16.15 Fujitsu
- Fujitsu - Overview
- Fujitsu - Product / Service
- Fujitsu - Key offerings
- 16.16 Toshiba
- Toshiba - Overview
- Toshiba - Product / Service
- Toshiba - Key offerings
- 16.17 Panasonic
- Panasonic - Overview
- Panasonic - Product / Service
- Panasonic - Key offerings
- 16.18 Compucentro
- Compucentro - Overview
- Compucentro - Product / Service
- Compucentro - Key offerings
- 16.19 CHG-MERIDIAN
- CHG-MERIDIAN - Overview
- CHG-MERIDIAN - Product / Service
- CHG-MERIDIAN - Key offerings
- 16.20 Econocom
- Econocom - Overview
- Econocom - Product / Service
- Econocom - Key offerings
- 3stepIT
- 3stepIT - Overview
- 3stepIT - Product / Service
- 3stepIT - Key offerings
- 16.22 Grenke
- Grenke - Overview
- Grenke - Product / Service
- Grenke - Key offerings
- 16.23 Accenture PLC
- Accenture PLC - Overview
- Accenture PLC - Product / Service
- Accenture PLC - Key offerings
- 16.24 Acer Inc.
- Acer Inc. - Overview
- Acer Inc. - Product / Service
- Acer Inc. - Key offerings
- 16.25 Amazon.com Inc.
- Amazon.com Inc. - Overview
- Amazon.com Inc. - Product / Service
- Amazon.com Inc. - Key offerings
- 16.26 Apple Inc.
- Apple Inc. - Overview
- Apple Inc. - Product / Service
- Apple Inc. - Key offerings
- 16.27 Capgemini Services SAS
- Capgemini Services SAS - Overview
- Capgemini Services SAS - Product / Service
- Capgemini Services SAS - Key offerings
- 16.28 Cisco Systems Inc.
- Cisco Systems Inc. - Overview
- Cisco Systems Inc. - Product / Service
- Cisco Systems Inc. - Key offerings
- 16.29 Citrix Systems Inc.
- Citrix Systems Inc. - Overview
- Citrix Systems Inc. - Product / Service
- Citrix Systems Inc. - Key offerings
- 16.30 Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp.
- Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp. - Overview
- Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp. - Product / Service
- Cognizant Technology Solutions Corp. - Key offerings
- 16.31 Computacenter plc
- Computacenter plc - Overview
- Computacenter plc - Product / Service
- Computacenter plc - Key offerings
- 16.32 Dell Technologies Inc.
- Dell Technologies Inc. - Overview
- Dell Technologies Inc. - Product / Service
- Dell Technologies Inc. - Key offerings
- 16.33 DXC Technology Co.
- DXC Technology Co. - Overview
- DXC Technology Co. - Product / Service
- DXC Technology Co. - Key offerings
- 16.34 Foxway AB
- Foxway AB - Overview
- Foxway AB - Product / Service
- Foxway AB - Key offerings
- 16.35 HP Inc.
- HP Inc. - Overview
- HP Inc. - Product / Service
- HP Inc. - Key offerings
- 16.36 Intel Corp.
- Intel Corp. - Overview
- Intel Corp. - Product / Service
- Intel Corp. - Key offerings
- 16.37 Lenovo Group Ltd.
- Lenovo Group Ltd. - Overview
- Lenovo Group Ltd. - Product / Service
- Lenovo Group Ltd. - Key offerings
- 16.38 Microsoft Corp.
- Microsoft Corp. - Overview
- Microsoft Corp. - Product / Service
- Microsoft Corp. - Key offerings
- 16.39 PC Connection Inc.
- PC Connection Inc. - Overview
- PC Connection Inc. - Product / Service
- PC Connection Inc. - Key offerings
- 16.40 Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd.
- Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. - Overview
- Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. - Product / Service
- Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. - Key offerings
- 16.41 Telia Co. AB
- Telia Co. AB - Overview
- Telia Co. AB - Product / Service
- Telia Co. AB - Key offerings
17 Appendix
- 17.2 Inclusions and exclusions checklist
- Inclusions checklist
- Exclusions checklist
- 17.3 Currency conversion rates for US$
- Currency conversion rates for US$
- 17.4 Research methodology
- 17.7 Validation techniques employed for market sizing
- Validation techniques employed for market sizing
- 17.9 360 degree market analysis
- 360 degree market analysis
- 17.10 List of abbreviations
Research Framework
Technavio presents a detailed picture of the market by way of study, synthesis, and summation of data from multiple sources. The analysts have presented the various facets of the market with a particular focus on identifying the key industry influencers. The data thus presented is comprehensive, reliable, and the result of extensive research, both primary and secondary.
INFORMATION SOURCES
Primary sources
- Manufacturers and suppliers
- Channel partners
- Industry experts
- Strategic decision makers
Secondary sources
- Industry journals and periodicals
- Government data
- Financial reports of key industry players
- Historical data
- Press releases

DATA ANALYSIS
Data Synthesis
- Collation of data
- Estimation of key figures
- Analysis of derived insights
Data Validation
- Triangulation with data models
- Reference against proprietary databases
- Corroboration with industry experts

REPORT WRITING
Qualitative
- Market drivers
- Market challenges
- Market trends
- Five forces analysis
Quantitative
- Market size and forecast
- Market segmentation
- Geographical insights
- Competitive landscape